Cognitive Enhancers
Cognitive Enhancers
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Common Names
Nootropics
Smart Drugs
Brain Boosters
Memory Boosters
Neuroenhancers
Drive Drugs
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How do they work?
The research is still inconclusive on exactly how the drugs work to stimulate the mind, but early research indicates they may act on a variety of different systems within the body simultaneously. One explanation is that they may increase blood flow to the brain, which allows the brain to use more oxygen. Some cognitive enhancers may raise the body’s adrenaline levels and produce effects similar to drinking large amounts of caffeine, which means people can stay awake for extended periods of time. Some drugs increase the amount of certain chemicals (neurotransmitters) such as dopamine, which are released in the part of the brain associated with dependence.
Side Effects of Cognitive Enhancers
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There is no safe level of drug use. Taking any type of drug always carries risk.
Cognitive Enhancers affect everyone differently based on:
• The person’s size, weight and health
• Whether the person is used to taking it
• Whether other drugs are taken around the same time
• The amount taken -
Common side effects include:
Increased alertness and focus
Reduced fatigue
Anxiety
Headache
Pins and needles
Chest pains
Dizziness
Sleeplessnes
Nausea
Nervousness
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Long-term effects:
Research into cognitive enhancers is still limited which means there is a lot of uncertainty about the side effects the drugs may cause if used on an ongoing basis. It is recommended that these drugs are used only with a prescription from a doctor to avoid any potential harms.
Using psycho-stimulant medications used as cognitive enhancers
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Types of psycho-stimulant medications used as cognitive enhancers
Methylphenidate, Lisdexamphetamine, Dexamfetamine
Brand names: Ritalin®, Ritalin la®, Concerta®, Ritalin 10®, Dexamphetamine tablets®, Vyvanse®
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Ritalin was introduced during the 1950s to treat chronic fatigue, depression, and psychosis associated with depression. It was used extensively in the 1990s to treat ADHD and is now the most common psychotropic medication prescribed to children to treat restlessness, impulsive behaviour and inattentiveness.
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New research has explored the potential side effects of using Ritalin® by people without ADHD—such as students using it as a study enhancer. This research showed changes in brain chemistry associated with risk-taking behaviour, sleep disruption and other undesirable effects such as weight loss.
Side Effects of Methylphenidate +
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There is no safe level of drug use. Taking any type of drug always carries risk.
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Methylphenidate affects everyone differently, but the most common side effects may include:
Euphoria and heightened sense of well-being
High body temperature
Cardiovascular system failure
Hostility or paranoia
Irregular or increased heartbeat and palpitations
Increased blood pressure and respiration
Increased activity, talkativeness and alertness
Reduced fatigue, drowsiness and appetite
Dry mouth, dilated pupils, nausea and headaches
Increased sex drive
Feelings of cleverness, great competence, and power
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Long-term effects:
Regular use may eventually cause:
Rapid or irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure and potential inflammation of heart valves
Skin disorders, vitamin deficiency, flushed or pale skin
Stomach ulcers and malnutrition
Mental health and behavioral problems
Dizziness and difficulty breathing
Loss of coordination and physical collapse
Unusual tiredness or weakness
Repetitive physical actions
Convulsions, coma, and death
The effects of taking Cognitive Enhancers with other drugs including over-the-counter or prescribed medications can be unpredictable and dangerous.
